The Supreme Court


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

The Supreme Court

The Supreme Court:

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial body of India and part of the land as established by Part v, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. According to the Constitution of India, the role of the Supreme  Court is that of a federal court, guardian of the Constitution and the highest court of appeal.

Articles 124 to 147 of the Constitution of India lay down the composition and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court is primarily the last resort and highest appellate court, which  takes up appeals against judgments of the High Courts of the states and territories. But it also takes written petitions in cases of serious human right violations or if a case involves a serious issue that needs immediate resolution. The Supreme Court of India held its inaugural sitting on 28 January 1950.

The Supreme Court of India comprises the Chief Justice of India and not more than 30 other Judges appointed by the President of India. Supreme Court Judges retire upon attaining the age of 65 years. In order to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court, a person must be a citizen of India and must have been, for at least five years, a Judge of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession, or an Advocate of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession for at least 10 years, or the person must be, in the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist. Provisions exist for the appointment of a Judge of a High Court as an ad-hoc Judge of the Supreme Court and for retired Judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts to sit and act as Judges of that Court.

The Supreme Court has always maintained a wide regional representation. It also has had a good share of judges belonging to religious and ethnic minorities. The first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court was Justice Fatima Beevi in 1987. She was later followed by Justices Sujata Manohar, Ruma Pal and Gyan Sudha Mishra.

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Sample Questions
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Question : 1

Who is empowered to extend the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India in relation to any matter covered in the Union List of legislative powers ?

Right Option : C
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Explanation
Question : 2

Which of the following are correct :

(a) The Supreme Court of India has been inaugurated on 28 January 1950.

(b) Article 151 states that power to make rules to regulate the procedure and process of the Court.

(c) In August 2019, Parliament passed a resolution to increase the number of judges from 30 to 33, excluding the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Right Option : C
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Explanation
Question : 3

Which of the following are correct :

(a) Article 138 states special leave to appeal to Supreme Court.

(b) Article 137 states parliament may increase the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

(c) Article 136 states review of decisions or orders by the Supreme Courts.

Right Option : D
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Explanation
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